Showing posts with label sociology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sociology. Show all posts

Shifts in the Social Contract: Understanding Change in American Society Review

Shifts in the Social Contract: Understanding Change in American Society
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Shifts in the Social Contract: Understanding Change in American Society Reviewthis was a good book. It spent most of its time discussing the change in America's workplace and work contract. If you wanted to be a truly devious student, you could just read the first and last chapter, and the conclusion of every chapter. Rubin does a great job summing things up in her conclusions. I suggest this book for proffesors who need a text that very completely describes shifts in America's workplace, and how culture, goverment, and society relate.Shifts in the Social Contract: Understanding Change in American Society Overview

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The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean (California World History Library) Review

The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean (California World History Library)
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The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean (California World History Library) ReviewYou can't get through some books because they are boring. You can't get through others because they are so poorly written. But then, there are a few that take a long time to get through because they are so full of ideas and new currents that constantly join a dense, learned discussion. This is one of the latter. I'm not going to tell you that it's an easy trot through the anthropology and history of Hadramawt and its diaspora. No, if you can't sail through "key site of articulation", "ready apparatus of signs", "two distinct realms of textual circulation", or "dynamics of signification"---plus a lot more---your ship is going to sink. The writing is poetic and lyrical at times, but often hard to pin down. Discussions of geneological texts from a remote Yemeni region are not everybody's cup of tea. So, let's just say that this is a book for scholars, a book that will impress you for sure if you stay the course.
Devout Muslims from the remote region of Hadramawt---today in eastern Yemen---began emigrating abroad some five hundred years ago. At first they served as teachers, judges, religious officials, or holy men, settling in India, East Africa, and Southeast Asia. They maintained ties with their distant homeland, often returning to die there. Their remittances or savings bought date orchards in wadis of Hadramawt, their tombs became places of pilgrimage for their descendants and others. Graves of ancestors and holy men turned into pilgrimage sites, beloved of many, condemned as not Islamic enough by others. As European colonial empires grew in the 18th and 19th centuries, Hadrami Arabs linked up with them economically, becoming ever more prosperous merchants and businessmen. They blended into the societies where their diaspora had settled, but maintained contact over many generations with Hadramawt. As the wider Arab world awoke and currents of pan-Arabism, Islamic revival and nationalism began to run, some segments of the Hadrami community became involved. Geneology played a continuous role in their links to one another, to the rising native elites in such places as Indonesia, Malaysia and Zanzibar through intermarriage. The creoles (Hadrami fathers, local mothers) played important parts in the adoptive societies. Hadramawt's remoteness (and lack of obvious resources) meant that it was not colonized until the late 1930s. It was the last place to fall under European colonial rule. The British ruled it with bombs and bribes, trying to maintain order via treaties with a myriad small rulers. By that time, some 20-30% of the population lived abroad. When the British left, Hadramawt, now absorbed into the Marxist People's Republic of South Yemen, entered at last into the 20th century world of nation states, where everybody had to be a citizen of one or another entity, but not more than one. The creoles faced difficult dilemmas. The new rulers tried to break the bonds of Islam and family built over many centuries. When the two Yemens joined, Marxism got the thumbs down, and the sayyid-tribal complex--bound by Islam--re-emerged. That's the story in a nutshell.

From Malaysia himself, Ho probably came to this subject with unique advantages. It is neither a work totally about Yemen nor a work about the diaspora in Southeast Asia, India, etc. It is a work full of questions about emigration, travel, opportunity, eviction, return, family, religion and graves. For the details, and to know how the author answered many questions, I think you'll have to read this complex, fascinating, and sometimes extremely difficult book.
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Health and Human Rights: A Reader Review

Health and Human Rights: A Reader
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Health and Human Rights: A Reader ReviewThis book presents a terrific introduction to the role of human rights in public health practice. While quite accessible, some may wish to augment this book with additional readings- perhaps Just Health Care by Normal Daniels?Health and Human Rights: A Reader Overview

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Appropriately Indian: Gender and Culture in a New Transnational Class Review

Appropriately Indian: Gender and Culture in a New Transnational Class
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Appropriately Indian: Gender and Culture in a New Transnational Class ReviewThis is a wonderful book for readers of all kind who are interested in issues related to globalization, migration, class, and inequality. It was vivid, descriptive, and clearly written. Radhakirshnan moves ethnography brilliantly moves been the United States, India, and South Africa in her analysis of high-tech workers.Appropriately Indian: Gender and Culture in a New Transnational Class Overview

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The Moral Measure of the Economy Review

The Moral Measure of the Economy
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The Moral Measure of the Economy ReviewInstitute for Policy Studies senior scholar Chuck Collins and JustFaith Ministries staff member Mary Wright combine their wisdom in The Moral Measure of the Economy, a guide written especially for Catholics in answer to the growing need for economic justice and a strong moral foundation in today's society. Chapters address "Catholic Teachings on Economic Life", "Global Trade and the Power of Corporations", "Solidarity in Action: Alternatives for a Just Economy", and much more. "As a society, we should not permit private actors, such as corporations, to shift their 'costs' onto the commons... A company, for example, has the choice of either illegally dumping polluted water into the stream (where we all pay the 'costs'), or cleaning the water, returning it to the stream, and building the extra cost into its product or service. Economists make the distinction here between 'externalizing' the cost - i.e., getting everyone else to pay - and 'internalizing the cost, by incorporating it into the cost of doing business... Wal-Mart externalizes the costs of its 1.3 million employees by paying them less than a living wage and providing fewer than half of them with health insurance - while encouraging them to enroll in taxpayer-funded health programs." Though The Moral Measure of the Economy is written especially to Catholics, its powerful message about the need for morality and social accountability to provide guidance to economic systems deserves to be heard by readers of all religious backgrounds. A can-do guide to incorporating fundamental human values into one's economic beliefs and actions.The Moral Measure of the Economy Overview

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Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America (Contemporary Ethnography) Review

Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America (Contemporary Ethnography)
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Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America (Contemporary Ethnography) ReviewSabina Magliocco's "Witching Culture" is quite possibly the most significant volume on Contemporary Pagan Culture to have been written in several years. Magliocco, author of an earlier volume on Neo-Pagan Art and Altars, has filled in several gaps left by Ronald Hutton and Sarah Pike, authors of important recent works in their own right.
The real strength of Magliocco's approach lies in her combined historical and folkloric approaches to cultural formation. Nods to other theoretical approaches are made, especially in her discussion of Paganism as a culturally oppositional discourse (James Scott, Todorov, Gramsci) but for the most part her own theoretical approaches are interwoven with her content so as to produce a seamless integration.
As I noted, her attention to the categories of the Other, both as conceived from Christian heritage and the Enlightenment's 'God of Reason,' are set up as the early framework of the book, along with valuable summations of early Hermeticism, medieval ritual magic, Renaissance Humanism, and 19th C. Romanticism to show the contributions of each era to contemporary Paganism. In this she avoids Hutton's obsession with the British 19th century and yet misses much of Hutton's focus on cunning-folk and those more vernacular traditions. Magliocco's work is more concerned with those who wrote on those traditions, and how those writings (Leland, Murray, Gardner) were used as a crucible to create contemporary Paganism.
Excellent portions of the book also focus on energy, magic, naming and ritual, as well as the historical and folkloric contributions to the formations of these much-used categories by contemporary Pagans. In addition, this is the first volume I am aware of to treat music and song in such depth. Two main aspects of song are treated--ritual uses (echoing her earlier scholarly articles on the subject with Holly Tannen) and educational uses--that is, teaching modes of thought and interpretation common to Pagans. While these are not the only important functions of Pagan song, these are the most important aspects for her work, for she concentrates on community identity and maintenance. Partly because of her concern with boundary formation and maintenance, her work engages little with New Age religiosity, and instead concentrates on flash points such as cultural appropriation issues with indigenous peoples, especially Amerindians. Again, given the existing literature, this is a plus, rather than a minus.
If there are drawbacks to her work, they are similar to other important works in the field. Most of the book concentrates on Wicca, witchcraft, Feri, Reclaiming and New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn (NROOGD), all closely connected with dominant structures in the Eastern part of the U.S. Other facets of contemporary Paganism, such as Druidry, Pagan Vodoun, Church of All Worlds, and Asatru/Vanatru, draw significantly less attention. But as these are numerically proportionately less of the wider community, their comparative marginalization is understandable in a study like this.Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America (Contemporary Ethnography) Overview

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The Power of Identity: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture Volume II (Information Age Series) Review

The Power of Identity: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture Volume II (Information Age Series)
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The Power of Identity: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture Volume II (Information Age Series) ReviewCastells trilogy, The Information Age, was written in the late 20th century but it is really the first sociology classic of the 21st and, as such, comparable to the masterworks of Durkheim and Weber. The first audacious volume chronicled the rise of a new global order based on a network of information flows. Since Castells views the human species as essentially predatory, some remedial measures are needed to resist the injustices that will arise. This second volume is therefore prescriptive. A masterly presentation of the world's current social movements follows. The author's discussion of the affect of the internet on political action and political campaigns is especially useful. Despite the volatile subject matter, I thought that Castells never quite sacrificed his objectivity although a delicate balancing act does take place throughout the volume. This book and the previous one sometimes read like some great epic of science fiction but it is our own very real world in the 21st century that the author is discussing. As an introduction to our brave new planet, this book could hardly be bettered.The Power of Identity: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture Volume II (Information Age Series) Overview

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Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization Review

Losing Control Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization
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Losing Control Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization ReviewI was very much dissapointed by this book. She talks about "globalization", yet never shows exactly what she means by this, and most of her arguments rely on anecdotes.
Her argument goes like this; There's more overseas production, there are huge multi-nationals, and there's an international capital market, and then there are international issues that goes beyond the national boundaries. Therefore, the sovereign nation is losing power.
While these are all true, the most important question is; to what extent? She never adresses this, and so, the whole book amounts to not much than some trendy talk of "Oh the world is global now and everything's different". So, forget this book. There's nothing in this book that is not throughly and plainly explained by, say, Paul Krugman's "Pop Internationalism" or even his "Age of Diminished Expectations". These books provide much better value and information for our money.Losing Control Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization Overview

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Contemporary Readings in Social Problems Review

Contemporary Readings in Social Problems
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Contemporary Readings in Social Problems ReviewI like the way it was made because it was easy to read and comprehend!Contemporary Readings in Social Problems Overview

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The Making of Buddhist Modernism Review

The Making of Buddhist Modernism
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The Making of Buddhist Modernism ReviewThis book should be essential reading for anyone currently involved with the practice of Buddism in America. The author does a superb job of explaining the connection between our heritage of the philosophies of the Enlightenment and Romanticism and Buddhism. The book cleared up for me the odd blending of modern science and neo-romantic (new-age) ideas espoused by many American Buddist teachers. It also clearly explicates the differences between many Asian practices of Buddhism and the modern emphasis on or perhaps even over emphasison meditation. I am a Buddhist and I highly recommend this thoughtful, erudite exposition by David McMahan.
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W. E. B. Du Bois, Race, and the City: "The Philadelphia Negro" and Its Legacy Review

W. E. B. Du Bois, Race, and the City: The Philadelphia Negro and Its Legacy
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W. E. B. Du Bois, Race, and the City: "The Philadelphia Negro" and Its Legacy ReviewThis book is excellent. It is an exceptional read; this book is historically connected to not just Dr. Dubois but understood and written as a benchmark for urban studies! A must read for all who want to engage African Americans in America or urban studies post the 20th Century.W. E. B. Du Bois, Race, and the City: "The Philadelphia Negro" and Its Legacy Overview

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Cinematic Sociology: Social Life in Film Review

Cinematic Sociology: Social Life in Film
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Cinematic Sociology: Social Life in Film ReviewI think this book is very interesting because its approach is towards the social life in film. It's a different aspect about the Cinema industry. I am using it now for this semester and looks that is helpful. I will be able to tell more at the end of the semester. For now I like it.Cinematic Sociology: Social Life in Film Overview

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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology Review

Essentials of Cultural Anthropology
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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology ReviewHaving read several of the brief or essentials cultural anthropology textbooks, I was pleasantly surprised by this one. Yes, it is a compact volume, and less expensive, but it is very comprehensive while being clear and concise. Good coverage of theory and concepts with examples students will relate to their own experiences. Nice features like glossary terms in margins, summary/review tables, and color photos unlike most of the other brief editions. Pleasantly readable and approachable despite.Essentials of Cultural Anthropology Overview

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Take Back Your Time: Fighting Overwork and Time Poverty in America Review

Take Back Your Time: Fighting Overwork and Time Poverty in America
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Take Back Your Time: Fighting Overwork and Time Poverty in America ReviewFor years I've thought of Europe as like the grandfather... sitting on the porch, watching America in action. He sits there, somewhat envious, reminiscing about the days when he used to be the top dog himself. But the envy is shortlived; in truth, he would never trade places with us, for he knows that the true cost of being able to call yourself #1 is far too high.
Money and power, after all, aren't everything.
In Take Back Your Time, de Graaf looks at a culture that is all about the material short term and cannot see beyond. It's a book that reminds us that it's OUR time, that this is a commodity that we CHOOSE to trade for things like money, status and comfort. I use the word 'remind' loosely--in truth, it's almost a new concept, for many. We hear stories of millionaires on their deathbed who would give everything to have one more year, yet other millionaires will do 15 hours tomorrow rather than think about it. Our culture is basically designed to HAVE TO work like this: the economy would go bust if we put anything before money. You could argue it's always been that way, but not to this extreme: every year we trade more hours so as to buy bigger houses, better cars, more gadgets, etc.This is a book that all of America needs to read. If only we had the time.
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Radical Simplicity: Small Footprints on a Finite Earth Review

Radical Simplicity: Small Footprints on a Finite Earth
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Radical Simplicity: Small Footprints on a Finite Earth ReviewMerkel is a gentle soul whose moment of truth came when he saw the Exxon Valdez disaster on TV. Realizing his lifestyle contributed directly to this sort of environmental destruction and a host of other world problems, he set out to do something about it. Travels in Kerala (in India) and among the Chumash taught him how to live a simpler life with less waste, fewer things, and greater connections to the land and people. As he reduced the environmental stress that his life caused, he also found that his life became less stressed.
But he doesn't leave it at that. He's an engineer, and he gives you the analytical tools he used to evaluate the effects of his lifestyle on the world. First the bad news: if you make more than $10,000 a year or have more than one child, you're almost certainly using more than your share of Earth's resources (pages 70 and 84), which contributes to starvation and extinction. Now the good news: using tools borrowed from two other books (Your Money or Your Life and Our Ecological Footprint), Merkel shows how you can take charge of the flows of material in your life. He walks you through examples such as the environmental cost of e-mail vs. snail-mail (in his case, snail-mail had the smaller footprint; in my case, e-mail did).
Let's face it, the process of coming to terms with your own plunder of the world is stressful: a combination of accounting and soul-searching. But the end goal is a sustainable relationship with nature and a simpler, less stressful life. Radical simplicity provides the tools you need to get started.Radical Simplicity: Small Footprints on a Finite Earth Overview

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Understanding Social Problems Review

Understanding Social Problems
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Understanding Social Problems ReviewI received this book very quickly, sooner that what it was promised. I am really enjoying readying and studying about our societies social problems, so if you are interested in this topic this book is for you.Understanding Social Problems Overview

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The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy Review

The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy
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The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy ReviewIn "the Revolt of the Elites" Christoper Lasch powerfully and persuasively contends that that the values and attitudes of professional and managerial elites and those of the working classes have dramatically diverged. Although the claim is controverted, many of us on the right (especially social conservatives) agree with the quasi-populist/communitarian notion that democracy works best when all members of society can participate in a world of upward mobility and of achievable status. In such a world, members of society will perceive themselves as belonging to the same team and care about ensuring that that team succeeds. But how can society achieve this sort of mutual interdependence if its members are not part of a community of shared values? As Christopher Lasch explains: "[T]he new elites, the professional classes in particular, regard the masses with mingled scorn and apprehension." For too many of these elites, the values of "Middle America" - a/k/a "fly-over country" - are mindless patriotism, religious fundamentalism, racism, homophobia, and retrograde views of women. "Middle Americans, as they appear to the makers of educated opinion, are hopelessly shabby, unfashionable, and provincial, ill informed about changes in taste or intellectual trends, addicted to trashy novels of romance and adventure, and stupefied by prolonged exposure to television. They are at once absurd and vaguely menacing." (28)
The tension between elite and non-elite attitudes is most pronounced with respect to religious belief. While our society admittedly is increasingly pluralistic, "the democratic reality, even, if you will, the raw demographic reality," as Father Neuhaus has observed, "is that most Americans derive their values and visions from the biblical tradition." Yet, Lasch points out, elite attitudes towards religion are increasingly hostile: "A skeptical, iconoclastic state of mind is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the knowledge classes. ... The elites' attitude to religion ranges from indifference to active hostility." (215)
Lash claims that the divergence in elite and non-elite attitudes is troubling for the future of democracy. Its hard for me to gainsay him. Yet, while "The Revolt of the Elites" is sobering - even a tad depressing - it deserves to be read even more widely than it has been. Lasch is no partisan. Conservative proponents of unfettered capitalism get bashed about the head by Lasch just as much as liberal critics of capitalism. Populists will find themselves nodding in agreement with some sections, while communitarians will concur with other sections. About the only folks who will be offended by all of "The Revolt of the Elites" are hardened libertarians and extreme left-liberals. Highly recommended.The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy Overview

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Consumed: How Markets Corrupt Children, Infantilize Adults, and Swallow Citizens Whole Review

Consumed: How Markets Corrupt Children, Infantilize Adults, and Swallow Citizens Whole
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Consumed: How Markets Corrupt Children, Infantilize Adults, and Swallow Citizens Whole ReviewI see a number of other reviewers belittling the book because of some trivial factual error regarding sports figures or celebrities, but in my eyes those points merely underscores the point that Barber is trying to make. In the end the constant media focus on these types of people is in my eyes a mass distraction. Does it change my life one iota when a drunken celebrity does something stupid? Not at all, but the media covers it for hour on end, and people lap it up.
People defend popular culture such as Harry Potter or Shrek, but these are all pure escapism and have very little relevance to our daily lives. Reviewers of those films make tortured comparisons to try and prove relevance to daily life, but the sad fact is that many people have become conditioned to not expect more, and perhaps not even have the patience to view a more substantive work.
Other reviewers insist that they aren't manipulated and that they have free choice. To an extent that is true, but one can easily argue that many people are making poor choices because they have been so deeply conditioned by advertisers. How can you justify spending 50K$ on a car, and replacing it when it is 3 years old when an inexpensive well-made car will fulfill the basic needs of transportation and may last 5-8 years instead? How can you justify spending money on bottled water when tap water in most areas is just fine? And how can you justify accumulating tens of thousands in consumer debt just to acquire all of this stuff? There are countless such examples all over the place.
And finally, there is the paradigm that runs deeply through our society that having more money and having more material goods will somehow make you happier. The problem is that these desires can never be satisfied - there is always something more, and there is always someone else who has more. In the end all of this materialism leaves people feeling empty, and the only tonic that they know to try and fill the void is to go out and shop some more.
On the other hand, if you can reach a point where you are content with what you have, you may find that many of the things that you do have are completely superfluous and can be donated to Goodwill or sold. Get rid of enough stuff, and that McMansion will seem empty, and a more modest and affordable house may meet your needs quite nicely.
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Speaking of India: Bridging the Communication Gap When Working With Indians Review

Speaking of India: Bridging the Communication Gap When Working With Indians
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Speaking of India: Bridging the Communication Gap When Working With Indians ReviewI am an Indian and I read this book with great interest. I was amazed how he captured some of the things which we Indians do (especially the way we conduct meetings) but never realize.
What I don't like is when he starts discussing the reasoning behind the behaviour. At one point, he says that the reasons why Indians don't speak up has something to do with the fact that they have been ruled for years so they developed that awe for westerners. That is so funny.
The true reason behind the behaviour is not what he describes. The fact is that most of the western people face Indians when they outsource their IT work. In India, customer is god. Thats what Gandhi told us and thats what we are told from childhood. And in most interactions western people are customers, so Indians tend to respect them. Also, in India, respect for older people is a given thing. And most westerns are old as comparison to young IT people working on their projects. These are two prime reasons that Indian people don't openly oppose western people. It is so unfortunate to see author's reasons behind this behavior.
I have lived and travelled to different countries and studied culture out of my passion and am amazed by the differences in the culture. I always check with local people about the reasons behind their behavior. I wish the author had done more research with the local people before he gave his reasons for different cultural traits. At times it appears he is writing reasons that he thinks his typical readers would like to hear. Can I ever tell you better than you can tell me why you behave like you do?
So readers, do read his book to understand different cultural and behavior traits. However, take his reasoning with a pinch of salt. My belief is that reasoning behind cultural traits can by hypothesized only after thorough research of history and culture of a place. It is difficult to get a credible hypothesis after a superficial interaction with a small sample size of people of that place.Speaking of India: Bridging the Communication Gap When Working With Indians Overview

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Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069 Review

Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069
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Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069 ReviewA friend of mine lent me this book in 2002. Skeptical about any book purporting to predict the future, I immediately read their predictions section - after all, the book was published ten years before. To my surprise, I found that their predictions for 1992-2002 were largely correct! So I started again, at the beginning. The book is a work of genius.
The central tenet of this book is that generations don't age the same way, and when looking at generations through history, the correct way to look at them is by cohort - that is, by groups with similar birth years - rather than by age. In other words, if you're born in 1950 and grow up in the '60s and '70s, you'll be different at age 50 than you will if you're born in 1970 and grow up in the '80s and '90s. Strauss and Howe then trace a number of generational cohorts through American History, and find evidence of a cycle of generational types - usually a four part cycle, but in one case a three part cycle. For example, they liken Gen X (whom they call "13ers"), born in 1961-1980, to the "Lost" generation born in the late 1800s.
As a trailing edge boomer, born in 1960, I was not surprised to find that the authors, both boomers, correctly identify the defining characteristics of my generation - characteristics that I happen to dislike, as I'm in the minority that don't fit the mold all that well, but that I have to acknowledge as accurate for the majority. On the other hand, the description of the Silent generation, to which my parents belong, was an eye opener - it explained well why my fathers views of what different stages in a man's life are like seemed to alien to me. The description of Gen X was likewise enlightening, both in terms of explaining some of my previous business interactions with Gen Xers (they had always seem so surprised when someone actually gave them a break - turns out it's because they hardly ever got breaks from boomers) and helped me understand and interact much better with one particular Gen X who is very important to me - my wife. The description of the Millenials seems to be accurate so far for undergraduates I work with.
Two caveats when reading this book - first, remember it's American history, and the conclusions don't apply to those born overseas; second, the authors seem to emphasize the optimistic view of the future, for example focusing on the possibility that the current cycle will be a triumphant four part cycle, rather than an agonizing three part cycle as the Civil War cycle was. We don't yet know which way things will go.Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069 Overview

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