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The Unfinished Global Revolution: The Pursuit of a New International Politics ReviewMark Malloch-Brown has unique personal experiences and insights-journalism, elections, political philosophy,UN, World Bank, UK cabinet, Asia, Africa, Middle East, Annan, Bush, Obama, Roosevelt, Thatcher, Wolfsensohn. This will be of interest to all concerned about the future of nations and people in our world. This book well written, 240 pages, an easy read and will make you feel more qualified to judge what is to be done after getting to know more how these organizations and people functioned. We will start with his conclusions followed by his experience and knowledge on which these conclusions are based.What are Mark's conclusions? Mark, in a controversial very public speech, stated that since Roosevelt and Truman none of the American Presidents had given full support to the United Nations and had failed to convince the American people about the benefits the United Nations could deliver. Without a commitment of the United States and other countries to building an international framework of rules and institutions the UN is unable to carry out the tasks as foreseen by Roosevelt. This speech, not surprisingly upset the American President Bush and especially John Bolton the US representative the US representative to the UN. Bolton instead of "selling" the UN to the American public did the opposite,
Mark believes that the three main challenges we face are: Integration, Growth and Limits. Integration refers to globalization with ever increasing cross border trade, growth to the absolute increase in population, three billion more people by 2050. This growth will well before 2050 hit limits in many areas, food, energy, minerals, pollution levels, water and probable also financial meltdowns. This is likely to lead to violence. He is convinced that only a coordinated approach at the level of the world can avoid disaster. He sees as the greatest obstacle increasing nationalism in almost all countries. He says that government leaders understand the necessity of internationally binding cooperation but most voters are only interested in what the leader can deliver to them in increased prosperity and security. Mark believes that the only way forward is a contract, a binding contract between all nations.
Mark was right when he said that Roosevelt believed that binding enforceable contracts between nations were a necessity. Roosevelt had worked with this insight from 1933 to 1945 when the UN agreement was signed. Roosevelt had concluded that it would only be possible to convince the American voters to support such a contract if they felt sure it was in their direct personal interest. He was convinced; it could not be based on their compassion for other people in other countries. Only if current political leaders start to think and work the way Roosevelt did is such a new contract within reach. The most urgent problem is probably gaining control over the most integrated system in the world that is financial institutions. Again nationalism makes that almost impossible.
In summary the conclusion might be that globalization could be a savior but infected with Nationalism will become a monster almost impossible to liquidate.
Next Mark's vast experience. Mark joined the Economist as a journalist soon after graduating from Cambridge University. He observed Margaret Thatcher from up close. He was surprised and impressed what she as a conviction politician and with a strong will could accomplish. Her limit was nationalism. She did not understand sufficiently the need to build bridges with other countries in addition to the USA.
Next, the United Nations to help the Cambodian refugees in Thailand to survive and start new lives. His conclusion was that this kind of tragedy could have been avoided if the poor Cambodian peasants and the rich oligarchy had started a dialogue at an early stage. That would have required before a similar approach to prevent the Vietnam War. Next three years, the Economist Development Report, a monthly publication as founder and editor.
Next, lead partner in a consultancy group with as one its main services to introduce modern election techniques in developing countries working with Corazon Aquino in the Philippines, who won, and other candidates. His conclusion was that even after a free election in countries previously being ruled by dictators or one party democracies that the same political class would still remain in power continuing to enrich themselves rather than decreasing poverty and reducing corruption.
Next, the World Bank under the charismatic leadership of Jim Wolfsensohn. Mark found it extremely difficult to change the fundamentalist economic mindset and bureaucratic methods of the theoretically highly qualified staff. Another serious problem was unhealthy competition between the World Bank and the IMF.
Next, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, (UNDP) a job he really liked. Different from the World Bank the Developing Countries really liked the UNDP. They felt the UNDP was genuinely interested in understanding their problems and helping them. Mark as always was looking at the big picture. He concluded that instead of carrying out small appreciated projects that the main task of the UNDP should be to help the government to govern better, with new, different and more effective policies and institutions. One of his conclusions was that a government that does not include poverty reduction will not last. The UNDP became more effective under his leadership and the annual resources doubled to US$ 4 billion.
Next, he rejoined the United Nations serving eventually as Deputy-secretary to Kofi Annan. There is probably no better description about the internal problems of the UN; the potential of the UN and the lack of intelligent external support the UN receives as has already been described.
Finally Mark joined the UK cabinet under Gordon Brown. It surprised him that British Prime Ministers see themselves as dependent on American Presidents. An attitude that is not even appreciated by the Americans, other than President Reagan with Margaret Thatcher. Reading about these experiences you feel as if you were present when they happened.The Unfinished Global Revolution: The Pursuit of a New International Politics Overview
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