Showing posts with label aid. Show all posts
Showing posts with label aid. Show all posts

The Trouble with Aid: Why Less Could Mean More for Africa (African Arguments) Review

The Trouble with Aid: Why Less Could Mean More for Africa (African Arguments)
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The Trouble with Aid: Why Less Could Mean More for Africa (African Arguments) ReviewGlennie's work is a must read for Africanists, international development scholars, postcolonial theorists and practitioners interested in re-approaching and ultimately overthrowing the dominant paradigm driving the international development apparatus and the structure of foreign aid. Albeit controversial, Glennie's argument that less aid (if accompanied with drastic changes in the allocation of and conditionalities attached to funds coming from the 'developed' world) could potentially mean more for 'developing' countries provides a concrete foundation for a paradigmatic shift in development discourse and practice. *Reading list recommendation: upper division undergraduate seminar in International Development, International Political Economy, Comparative Area Studies, etc.*
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Exodus from Hunger: We Are Called to Change the Politics of Hunger Review

Exodus from Hunger: We Are Called to Change the Politics of Hunger
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Exodus from Hunger: We Are Called to Change the Politics of Hunger ReviewBread for the World is one of the largest Christian anti-hunger organizations in the world. The group's president, David Beckmann, has written a new book titled "Exodus From Hunger" (Westminster John Knox Press, 192 pages, paperback) where he reveals the current global hunger situation and offers a road-map to end it. Beckmann believes that we each can do simple, yet significant things to relieve hunger, and this book shows how.
Before getting into the book, I wanted to point out that David Beckmann is the real deal. I shared some conversations with him a few months ago during Bread for the World's 'Hunger Justice Leader' advocacy training program. Even after winning the World Food Prize--the food equivalent to a Nobel--and despite rubbing shoulders with people like Bono, George Bush, Bill Gates, and Warren Buffet, Beckmann is admiringly humble. In addition, he is both intelligent and spiritually literate, graduating from the London School of Economics and working at the World Bank before becoming a Lutheran pastor.
This pastor-economist firmly believes that, if we choose, we can join God to end world hunger in our lifetime. His attitude isn't pie-in-the sky optimism. Beckmann has a legitimate plan to bring relief to hungry people, and "Exodus From Hunger" explains it in three parts.
After a foreword by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the book's first part details the current hunger situation, defining `Where Things Stand Now'. Contrary to what many people think, we have actually made tremendous progress against extreme poverty in recent years, which has directly curbed hunger. For instance, from 1980 to 2005, the global fraction of people in extreme poverty has dropped from one-half to one-quarter, an incredible shift. This progress came in large part through the faithful advocacy of grassroots faith communities, spurred on by groups like Bread for the World.
Bread for the World combats hunger primarily through legislative advocacy. They seek to change the structures and policies that significantly influence whether families have enough money to put food on their tables. Bread for the World's work isn't a replacement for charitable organizations and food pantries, yet Beckmann notes that "it is impossible to food-bank our way to the end of hunger."
In the second part of the book, Beckmann points to `Where We Want to Go'. This part answers skeptics who question whether legislative advocacy is really the best way to subdue world hunger. Beckmann responds using stories of success, such as a small church group who transformed the global hunger picture by simply writing letters to their legislator. Eventually, their pleading won out, and the legislator championed a major global aid reform bill. Beckmann presents a compelling case that wherever you are, whatever your situation in life, you can take small actions to contribute to hunger relief. One, small handwritten letter has the potential to relieve thousands of hungry bellies.
The book's third and final part, titled `How We Get There Together', uses the Exodus story from the Bible to rally Christians to advocacy. Beckmann sees God moving today to bring people out of hunger the same way he moved to bring the Israelites out of slavery thousands of years ago.
This section also features Beckmann's personal journey, where he discloses his own struggles and transformation along the way. It would have been more helpful to read Beckmann's biography in the beginning of the book, so his proposals would have more context. The better you know someone, the more clearly you understand their arguments. For example, Richard Stearn's personal story was near the beginning of his recent "Hole In Our Gospel", which textured his later words. Nevertheless, discovering Beckmann's own journey of compassion only adds weight to his arguments.
With over one hundred references, "Exodus From Hunger" provides solid backing for its statistics and proposals. And quotes from U.S. Catholic Bishops and Evangelical theologians display an ecumenism mirroring Bread for the World itself. Throughout, the book is filled with both serious research and compassionate faith.
"Exodus From Hunger" is a book that every Christian in our country should read, regardless of whether the topic seems exciting. The book may read like literary cough syrup, but Beckmann's passion, practical advice, and invitation to `join the movement' help the medicine go down easy.Exodus from Hunger: We Are Called to Change the Politics of Hunger Overview

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Does Foreign Aid Really Work? Review

Does Foreign Aid Really Work
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Does Foreign Aid Really Work ReviewRiddell has done an excellent job to update his earlier work - Foreign Aid Reconsidered (a seminal work) to include the massive changes in aid that have occurred in the past 20 years, especially the shift to NGOs.
His depth of knowledge, both firsthand and theoretical, of development is clear from the very start. It is clearly a very, very well researched book.
The question he aims to answer is obviously huge, and he makes it quite clear that there are no yes/no answers. He deftly avoids over-generalizing, but does an incredible job to work with the limited and biased data that exists on development.
The greatest strength of the book is really as a massive, 500 page literature review. He is able to sum up, in a very readable way, the major debates on development's efficacy. In the end, he presents a very well thought out normative set of suggestions on how to fix many of the problems he highlights about aid - a refreshing piece of concrete steps (which he admits readily are only the framework, and subject to much debate). Yet I think it's very important to point out that, despite his catchy title, this is not your run of the mill, "How to End Poverty in 10 Years With MicroHydro" book. This is a scholarly work that looks at all aspects of aid, even though it seems aimed at a wider audience. There are no easy answers, but Riddell's analysis is penetrating.
Overall, its an excellent piece of critical development scholarship, and comes highly recommended for anyone interested or involved in development, from NGOs to academia. He plows through the numerous, unfounded myths that go both for and against aid through detailed reasoning and evidence. He avoids the trivial, surface level problems and goes straight to the systemic contradictions of aid.
If I was to sum up the message of the book in a few words - and answer the question of the title - it would be that, to Riddell, aid is working, but not nearly as well as it could.
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The Challenge for Africa Review

The Challenge for Africa
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The Challenge for Africa ReviewOf the three of four books I have consumed so far for an introduction to Africa's current condition, this one is by far the best, and if you buy only one, this is the one. The other two, each valuable in its own way, are:
The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn't Working
Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa
Tomorrow I will plow through Africa Unchained: The Blueprint for Africa's Future and post a review.
The author, a Nobel Peace laureate for the Green Belt Movement, delivers a very straight-forward, practical "woman's voice" account of both the past troubles, present tribulations, and future potential of Africa. This book is replete with "street-level" common sense as well as a real sense of nobility.
Early on the author addresses the reality that uninformed subsistence farming, what 65% of all Africans do, is destroying the commons. I find that ignorance--and the need to educate and inform in their own local language (no easy task when speaking of thousands of local languages)--is a recurring theme in this book. I see *enormous* potential for the application of what the Swedish military calls M4IS2 (multinational, multiagency, multidisciplinary, multidomain information-sharing and sense-making).
The author provides an ample tour of the horizon of aid, trade, and debt imbalances, of the dangers of culture and confidence of decline, of the need to restore cultural and environmental diversity, and of the need to reprioritize agricultural, education, and environmental services instead of bleeding each country to pay for the military and internal security (and of course corruption).
CORE POINT: The *individual* African is the center of gravity, and only Africans can save Africa--blaming colonialism is *over*. The author's vision for a revolution in leadership calls for integrity at the top, and activism at the bottom, along with a resurgence of civil society and a demand that governments embrace civil society as a full partner.
CORE POINT: The environment must be central to all development decisions, both for foster preservation and permit exploitation without degradation. Later in the book the author returns to this theme in speaking of the Congo forests, pointing out that only equity for all those who are local will allow all those who are foreign to exploit AND preserve.
I am fascinated by the author's expected discussion of the ills of colonialism including the Berlin division, the elevation of elites, arbitrary confiscations of lands, and proxy wars, what I was NOT expecting was a profound yet practical discussion of how the church in combination with colonialism was a double-whammy on the collective community culture of Africa.
The author observes that any move away from aid, which has been an enabler of massive corruption at the top, and toward capitalization and bonds [as the author of Dead Aid proposes in part] will be just as likely to lead to corruption absent a regional awakening of integrity.
The author discusses China, observing that China has used its Security Council veto to protect African interests, and the author observes that the West continues to destroy Africa with arms sales, France and Russia especially, followed by China, with the US a low fourth.
I learn that patronage and the need for protection are the other side of corruption as a deep-seated rationalization for keeping power, and I learn that pensions in Africa are so fragile that retirement is fraught with risk, another reason to seek long-term power holding. I am inspired to think of a regional pension fund guaranteed by Brotherly Leader Muuamar Al-Gathafi.
On a hopeful note the author praises the election of Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf as leader of Liberia, and sees real promise in the AU leadership summits that she attends.
CORE IDEA: Leadership training at all levels must keep pace with the changes in technology and the complexity of Africa's engagements. Civil Society in particular must be understood and embraced by government leaders at all levels.
The author spends time around page 134 discussing her pilot project to create local empowerment, devolving decision-making to create a multi-layered structure that establishes priorities while also providing accountability and transparency, minimizing corruption. Using a trained facilitator, the author brought together around 40 fifteen-person committees to create a strategic plan, and that is now useful as a map regardless of turn-over.
On page 158 the author briefly discusses ECOSOC (Economic, Social, and Cultural Council of the African Union) founded in 2005 to bring the voices of the people into the AU deliberations; to educate the peoples of Africa on all aspects of African affairs; and to encourage civil society throughout Africa.
My reaction: ECOSOCC is a center of gravity and could be the lever needed to create a regional M4IS2 network that substitutes information for violence, capital, time, and space. A harmonization of investments to address regional cell phone access (Nokia ambient energy devices), regional radio stations using solar power; and a regional public information program on the basics of mosquito control and other key public health topics, all call out for action in partnership with ECOSOCC.
Later in the book the author equates misinformation with alcohol and drugs. Ignorance is a recurring theme.
The conclusion of the book is full of deep wisdom on re-imagining community, restoring family by returning the men, stopping the brain drain, and making it easier for remittances to return; of the need to create micro-nation forums within each macro-nation; of the need to create local radio stations in each of the local languages and dialects; of the need to address energy shortfalls while stopping the march of the desert; and finally, of the need to address the pressing twin issues of land ownership and tourism management so as to restore the primacy of African interests.
The book ends on a hugely positive note calling for Africans to reclaim their land; reclaim their culture; and reclaim themselves.
Other books I consider relevant to respecting Africa:
Breaking the Real Axis of Evil: How to Oust the World's Last Dictators by 2025
Deliver Us from Evil: Peacekeepers, Warlords and a World of Endless Conflict
A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility--Report of the Secretary-General's High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change
The leadership of civilization building: Administrative and civilization theory, symbolic dialogue, and citizen skills for the 21st century
How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas, Updated Edition
The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits (Wharton School Publishing Paperbacks)
Infinite Wealth: A New World of Collaboration and Abundance in the Knowledge EraThe Challenge for Africa Overview

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Enough: Why the World's Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty Review

Enough: Why the World's Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty
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Enough: Why the World's Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty ReviewHalf way through the book, you'll be mad as hell. By the end, you'll see some rays of hope.
Thurow and Kilman lay out the problem: a billion or so starving or malnourished people in the world, in spite of the fact that there is enough food to feed everyone. Then they describe the barriers to getting the food to the people who need it: greed, politics, good intentions gone awry, and infrastructure/technical issues. Finally, they describe some of the ongoing efforts to overcome or end-run the barriers, and they lay out what needs to happen for the great vision of Jesus in Matthew 25 - the least being fed - to come to fruition. An important read, yet an interesting read and an easy read.Enough: Why the World's Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty Overview

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